Excellent summary of what happened after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The rapid structural change of the Russian economy left ordinary folk without even the meager base incomes they had previously. Margaret Thatcher's policies did much the same, especially to the north of England with its old industrial structure. But in Russia case, the change was on steroids.

May be a slower but more even keeled transition that included more support for ordinary folk would have brought Russia closer to Western Europe and democracy.

As for now? to include some optimism, the balls are may be in the air for something better. A retirement plan is needed for Putin. A restored freedom of the press can follow. allowing for political parties to be established and representation chosen and voted for.

The West can be helpful by unblocking what they have blocked and (this time around) be much more willing to be financially supportive in Russia's new start.

The West must continue to differentiate ordinary Russians from those complicit with Putin in the attack on Ukraine. One way of communicating this now would be invitations for displaced Russians (as well as Ukrainians) to live a time in supporting countries including the U.S. Canada, Australia, Japan etc.

Many thanks.